Integrated Management of Whiteflies in Arizona
نویسندگان
چکیده
The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Genn., has been present in Arizona since the first cultivation of cotton in the 1920s (Russell 1975). For much of its history, its importance was as a sporadic pest and vector of cotton leaf crumple virus. Meanwhile around the world, outbreaks of whiteflies were recorded in cotton in places like the Sudan, Punjab of India, and Israel. The New World also had outbreaks of whiteflies, though smaller, throughout central America and even in South America (e.g., in Brazil soybeans). The populations responsible for these outbreaks may have been from one or more biotypes of the sweetpotato whitefly. But by the late 1980s, a new whitefly was associated with a silvering syndrome in squash (Costa & Brown, 1991) and later renamed by California workers as the silverleaf whitefly, B. argentifolii (Bellows & Perring). Currently, there is a working synonymy between Biotype B of B. tabaci and B. argentifolii (SWF) (See Perring 2001 for review). It is this biotype or species that invaded Arizona in the early 1990s and has irrevocably altered our integrated pest management (IPM) plans here.
منابع مشابه
Fifty years of the integrated control concept: moving the model and implementation forward in Arizona††
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